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There are many ways to control the lenght of exposure from x-ray machine. But the basic types of exposure timers are as follows:
- Mechanical Timers
- Electronic Timers
- Automatic exposure control
- Pulse counting Timers
Mechanical Timers:
The mechanical timers are very oldest kind of timer used to control the length of exposures. They have a mechanical setup and switches which were used to make and break the electrical connections of high voltages between electrical generators and that of x-ray tubes. They are now rarely used.
Electronic Timers:
The electronic timers are normally based on a RC circuit. The lenght of exposure is control by the charging and discharging of capacitor through a resistor. The time period required to charge this capacitor can be varied by varying the value of the resistor. Thus a capacitor with variable resistor and associated electronic circuit was enough to select a specific time of exposure.
Automatic exposure control or Photo Timers:
The automatic exposure control or photo timers are made to reduce the human error in the calculation of exposure time, as an operator can only guess the thickness of tissue by measuring the patient's thickness. But it could be incorrect. In Automatic control exposure technique, first high voltages are selected then mAs are selected according to the need of exposure. The heart of this method is a device which can detect the radiation and can give feedback to x-ray machine in the form of current for appropriate selection of parameters. There are three such devices that could be used for this purpose.
- Photomultiplier detectors
- Ionization chambers
- Solid state detectors
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