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Contrast: Contrast is the brightness ratio of the periphery to the center of the output screen. The typical contrast ratios are 10:1 but 20:1 is more better, it can vary and depends on the manufacturer to manufacture. there are two factors tends to diminish contrast in image intensifiers.
- The input screen does not absorb all photons in the x-ray beam, rest of them produce a background of fog that reduces the image contrast.
- The retrograde light flow from the output screen. Normally the major component of retrograde light flow is blocked by the use of a thin layer of aluminum on the back of the screen. If the thickness of aluminum layer is not very thin then electrons can strike with it and photon emitted due to will again produce "fog".
Lag:
Lag is the persistence of luminescence after the x-ray stimulation is 'switched off". Its maximum value in old age machine was in between 20 to 30 msec.
Distortion:
When electric field is applied to focus the photoelectrons on output screen, all electrons donot behave according to needs. Some peripheral electrons donot strike the output screen where they ideally should. The result is an un-equal magnification which produces peripheral distortion. the same effect is observed in optical lens and termed as "pincushion effect". This distortion makes difficult to evolute the straight lines. Unequal magnification also causes un-equal illumination. A fall-off in brightness at periphery of an image is called "Vignettimg".
The centre of the image intensifier screen has better resolution, a brighter image, and a less geometric distortion.
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