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Wednesday, August 4, 2010

health physicist at an accelerator facility.

You are a health physicist at an accelerator facility. You base your radiation safety recommendations on National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) Report No. 51, Radiation Protection Design Guidelines for 0.1-100 MeV Particle Accelerator Facilities.
GIVEN:
Electron beam energy 100 MeV
Density of air (NTP) 0.001205 g cm–3
Chamber dimensions 6 m  8 m  2.5 m
Collision mass stopping power for 10-MeV electrons in air 1.98 MeV cm2 g–1
Distance traversed in air by electron beam 2 m
Ozone production in electron-beam facilities:
where
CO3 is the ozone concentration in ppm,
Scoll is the collision stopping power of electrons in air in keV cm–1,
I is the electron beam current in mA,
 is the distance traversed in air by the electron beam in cm,
t is the irradiation time in s, and
V is the volume of the irradiation chamber in liters.
where
Bx is the shielding transmission ratio,
H.m is the maximum permissible dose equivalent rate in mrem h–1,†
d is the distance between the source and the reference point in m,
D.0 is the absorbed dose index rate in rad m2 min–1,†
T is the area occupancy factor, and
1.67  10–5 is a constant that depends on the units being used.
The definitions for H.m and D.0 were mistakenly switched on the original examination.
From Appendix E-1, NCRP Report No. 51:
D.0I–1 = 4.7  104 rads m2 mA–1 min–1 (forward direction)
From Appendix E-8, NCRP Report No. 51:
Broad-Beam Transmission through Concrete
of X-rays Produced by 0.5-176 MeV Electrons
Slab thickness (cm) Transmission
100 2.2  10–3
75 1.0  10–2
50 4.7  10–2
25 1.7  10–2

A. You are inspecting the accelerator facility before it begins its initial operation. According to NCRP Report No. 51, what is an interlock and where should interlocks be installed?
B. Upon inspection of the beam dump, you find that the depth of the cavity is greater than the diameter of the aperture. Is this acceptable? Describe why or why not.
C. List four kinds of radiation produced as a consequence of an interaction between a particle beam and the material it strikes in an accelerator. Describe the method of production of each. Number your responses. Only the first four responses will be graded.
D. A scattering experiment produces an X-ray beam using a 1-cm diameter, 10-MeV electron beam incident on a thick W target. The experimenter will be behind a 75-cm thick concrete shield at a point in the controlled area that is on the beam-line and 10 m from the target. The dose rate is limited to 2.5 mrem h–1 at the experimenter’s location. Calculate the peak current value for the beam. Show all work.
E. Using information given above and a beam current of 0.05 mA, calculate the concentration (ppm) of O3 in the irradiation chamber following 2 h of continuous operation. Assume a ventilation rate of 2 m3 min–1 and an O3 molecule mean life of 50 min. Show all work.

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